iindaba

Hamba malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50 ukusuka eShenzhen Huaqiang North ukuya emantla ntshona, kwaye uya kufika eShajing.Le dolophu incinci (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba siSitrato), eyayidume kuqala ngokuba neembatyisi zayo ezimnandi, yeyona ndawo ingundoqo yesiseko sokwenza imveliso ye-elektroniki ekumgangatho wehlabathi.Kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo, ukusuka kwii-consoles zomdlalo ukuya kumanqaku okufunda, ukusuka kwi-pagers ukuya kwi-USB flash drives, ukusuka kwiiwotshi zefowuni ukuya kwii-smart phones, zonke iimveliso zombane ezidumileyo ziye zaphuma apha ukuya e-Huaqiangbei, emva koko zaya kwilizwe lonke nakwihlabathi liphela.Emva kwentsomi yeHuaqiangbei kukho iShajing kunye needolophu ezikufutshane nayo.Ikhowudi yomthombo wobutyebi beshishini le-elektroniki laseTshayina lifihlwe kwezo zityalo zepaki zoshishino ezimbi.

Ibali lamva nje lobutyebi besanti lijikeleza i-e-cigarettes.Okwangoku, ngaphezu kwe-95% yeemveliso ze-elektroniki zecuba zehlabathi zivela e-China, kwaye phantse i-70% yemveliso yase-China ivela kwi-Shajing.Amakhulu-khulu ee-e-cigarette amashishini anxulumene ne-e-cigarette aqokelelene kule dolophu yasesitalatweni, ethatha indawo ephantse ibe yi-36 square kilometers kwaye inabemi abamalunga ne-900000 kwaye izele ziifektri zabo bonke ubukhulu.Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, zonke iintlobo zongxowankulu ziye zathontelana ukudala ubutyebi, kwaye iintsomi ziye zavela enye emva kwenye.Iphawulwe ngoluhlu lwe-Smallworld (06969.hk) ngo-2020 kunye ne-rlx.us ngo-2021, i-capital Carnival ifikelele kwincopho yayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukususela kwisibhengezo ngokukhawuleza "se-e-cigarettes iya kufakwa kwi-monopoly" ngo-Matshi 2021, "imilinganiselo yokulawula i-e-cigarette" yakhutshwa ngo-Matshi kulo nyaka, kwaye "umgangatho wesizwe we-e-cigarettes" wakhutshwa. ngoAprili.Ukulandelelana kweendaba ezinkulu ukusuka kwicala lolawulo kuzise icarnival esiphelweni ngequbuliso.Amaxabiso ezabelo zeenkampani ezimbini ezidwelisiweyo ziye zawa yonke indlela, kwaye okwangoku zingaphantsi kwe-1/4 yencopho yazo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo efanelekileyo iya kuphunyezwa ngokusesikweni ukususela ngomhla woku-1 kweyeDwarha kulo nyaka.Ngelo xesha, ishishini laseChina le-e-cigarette liya kuthi ndlela-ntle ngokupheleleyo ekukhuleni okukhohlakeleyo “kwendawo engwevu” kwaye ingene kwixesha elitsha lolawulo lwecuba.Ukujongana nomhla wokugqibela osondelayo, abanye abantu bajonge phambili, abanye baphume, abanye batshintshe umzila, kwaye abanye "banyuse izikhundla zabo" ngokuchasene nomkhwa.URhulumente weSithili sase-Shenzhen Bao'an weSitalato i-Shajing unike impendulo eyakhayo, ekhwaza isilogeni sokwakha iqela leshishini le-e-cigarette elikwinqanaba le-100 leebhiliyoni kunye nehlabathi jikelele "i-fog Valley".

Ishishini elikhulayo lehlabathi elikhulayo elizalwe kwaye likhula kwindawo yeGreat Bay yaseGuangdong, eHong Kong naseMacao ingenisa utshintsho olukhulu olungazange luhlangane ngaphambili.

Ukuqala kumthombo wesanti, yakha iqela lemizi-mveliso elikwinqanaba le-100 leebhiliyoni

Indlela esembindini yaseShajing yayikhe yabizwa ngokuba “yiSitrato somdiza we-elektroniki”.Kwesi sitrato esinobude obuziikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-5.5 kuphela, zonke izixhobo ezifunekayo kwicuba ze-elektroniki zinokuxhotyiswa ngokulula.Kodwa ukuhamba kwesi sitrato, kunzima ukubona ubudlelwane phakathi kwayo kunye ne-e-cigarettes.Iinkampani ezinxulumene ne-e-cigarette ezifihlwe phakathi kweefektri kunye nezakhiwo zeofisi zihlala zixhoma iimpawu ezifana ne-"Electronics", "iteknoloji" kunye "norhwebo", kwaye uninzi lweemveliso zabo zithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle.

Ngo-2003, u-Han Li, usokhemesti waseTshayina, wenza umdiza wokuqala we-elektroniki ngendlela yanamhlanje.Kamva, uHan Li wabiza igama elithi "Ruyan".Ngo-2004, "i-Ruyan" yaveliswa ngokusemthethweni kwaye yathengiswa kwimarike yasekhaya.Ngo-2005, yaqala ukuthunyelwa phesheya kwaye yaduma eYurophu, eMelika, eJapan nakwezinye iimarike.

Njengedolophu ebalulekileyo yemizi-mveliso enyuka ngeminyaka yoo-1980, iShajing yaqala ukwenza isivumelwano sokwenza imidiza yombane malunga neminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo.Ngoncedo lwekhonkco loshishino lwe-elektroniki kunye norhwebo lwangaphandle, i-Shajing kunye neSithili sayo sase-Bao'an ngokuthe ngcembe ibe yeyona ndawo iphambili yoshishino lwecuba lombane.Emva kobunzima bezemali kwihlabathi ngo-2008, ezinye iimpawu ze-e-cigarette zaqala ukwenza iinzame kwimarike yasekhaya.

Kwi-2012, iinkampani ezinkulu zecuba zangaphandle ezifana noPhilip Morris International, uLorillard kunye noRenault baqala ukuphuhlisa iimveliso zecuba ze-elektroniki.Ngo-Agasti 2013, ishishini le-e-cigarette elithi "Ruyan" kunye namalungelo epropathi yengqondo yafunyanwa yi-Imperial Tobacco.

Ukususela ekuzalweni kwayo, i-e-cigarettes ikhula ngokukhawuleza.Ngokweenkcukacha ezinikezelwe yi-e-cigarette Professional Committee ye-China Electronic Chamber of Commerce, imarike ye-e-cigarette yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-US $ 80billion kwi-2021, ngokunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-120%.Kwangelo xesha linye, ukuthunyelwa kwe-e-cigarette kumazwe angaphandle kwe-China kwafikelela kwi-138.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda kwe-180% unyaka nonyaka.

U-Chen Ping, owazalwa emva kwe-1985, sele sele "indoda endala" kwishishini le-cigarette ye-elektroniki.Ngo-2008, waseka i-Shenzhen huachengda Precision Industry Co., Ltd., ebandakanyeka kakhulu kwi-electronic smoke core yekhemikhali, e-Shajing, kwaye ngoku ithatha isiqingatha semarike yonke.Uxelele abezemali bokuqala ukuba isizathu sokuba ishishini le-e-cigarette likwazi ukumilisela kwaye liphuhle e-Bao'an alahlulwa kushishino lwe-elektroniki lwasekhaya lwenkqubo exhasayo kunye nabasebenzi abanamava e-Bao'an.Kwimeko yoshishino olukhuphisana kakhulu, abantu be-elektroniki base-Bao'an baphuhlise isakhono esinamandla sokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nokukwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza.Nanini na xa kuphuhliswa imveliso entsha, iifektri zeshishini elihamba phezulu nasezantsi linokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza.Thatha i-e-cigarettes umzekelo, "mhlawumbi iintsuku ezintathu zanele."U-Chen Ping uthe le nto ayinakucingelwa kwezinye iindawo.

Wang Zhen, usekela mlawuli weZiko loCwangciso loPhuhliso lwengingqi yaseChina (iShenzhen) Academy yophuhliso olubanzi, ushwankathela izizathu zokudityaniswa kunye nophuhliso lweshishini le-e-cigarette e-Bao'an ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: okokuqala, inzuzo yokuqala yoyilo imarike yamazwe ngamazwe.Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lecuba kumazwe aphesheya, inzuzo yokuthelekisa i-e-cigarettes ibalasele noko, kwaye imfuno yemalike yokuqhuba inamandla.Kwinqanaba lokuqala leshishini le-e-cigarette, eliqhutywa yimfuno yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe yase-United States, iJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea, amashishini okulungisa kunye norhwebo kwiSithili sase-Bao'an, esimelwe ngamashishini afuna abasebenzi kakhulu, akhokele ekuqaliseni. Uthotho lwemiyalelo yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe, ekhokelele ekudityanisweni okukhawulezileyo kunye nokwandiswa kwesikali soshishino lwe-e-cigarette kwiSithili sase-Bao'an.

Okwesibini, izibonelelo ezipheleleyo ze-ikholoji yezoshishino.Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo ekuveliseni i-cigarettes ye-elektroniki inokufumaneka ngokulula kwi-Bao'an, eyanciphisa iindleko zokukhangela amashishini, njengeebhetri ze-lithium, ii-chips zokulawula, izinzwa kunye nezikhombisi ze-LED.

Okwesithathu, izinto eziluncedo kwindawo yoshishino evulelekileyo neyintshayo.I-e-cigarette luhlobo oluhlanganisiweyo lokusungula imveliso.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente weSithili sase-Bao'an uye waxhasa ngokusebenzayo uphuhliso lweshishini letekhnoloji ye-atomization emelwe yi-e-cigarette, eyila uphuhliso oluhle lwemizi-mveliso kunye nemeko yeshishini.

Okwangoku, iSithili sase-Baoan sinobuchwepheshe be-smootercore, esona sikhulu sivelisa i-e-cigarette ehlabathini kunye nelona shishini likhulu lohlobo lwe-e-cigarette.Ukongeza, amashishini amakhulu anxulumene ne-e-cigarettes, njengeebhetri, i-hardware, izinto zokupakisha kunye nokuvavanya, kwakhona ngokusisiseko athatha i-Bao'an njengeyona nto iphambili, kwaye isasazwe e-Shenzhen, e-Dongguan, e-Zhongshan nakweminye imimandla ye-Pearl River Delta.Oku kwenza i-Bao'an ibe yindawo ephezulu yoshishino lwe-e-cigarette yehlabathi kunye nekhonkco lemizi-mveliso elipheleleyo, iteknoloji engundoqo kunye nelizwi leshishini.

Ngokweenkcukacha ezisemthethweni zeSithili sase-Bao'an, bekukho amaShishini angama-55 e-e-cigarette ngaphezulu kobukhulu obunyuliweyo kummandla ngo-2021, ngexabiso lemveliso ye-yuan eyi-35.6 yeebhiliyoni.Kulo nyaka, inani lamaShishini ngaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo liye landa ukuya kwi-77, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso kulindeleke ukuba linyuke ngakumbi.

U-Lu Jixian, umlawuli we-arhente yokukhuthaza utyalo-mali kwiSithili sase-Bao'an, uthe kwiforam yoluntu yakutshanje: “ISithili sase-Bao'an sibona ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso lwamashishini e-e-cigarette kwaye siceba ukwakha ishishini le-e-cigarette elikwinqanaba le-100 leebhiliyoni. Iqela leqela kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu ezayo.”

Ngomhla wama-20 kuMatshi kulo nyaka, iSithili saseBao'an sakhupha amanyathelo aliqela ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woshishino oluphezulu lwemveliso kunye neshishini lenkonzo yanamhlanje, apho inqaku lesi-8 licebise ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa ishishini “elitsha lezixhobo ze-atomization ze-elektroniki”, elilicandelo le-8. okokuqala ukuba ishishini le-atomization ye-elektroniki libhalwe kuxwebhu lwenkxaso yoshishino lukarhulumente wasekhaya.

Yamkela ummiselo kwaye uqalise indlela yokulinganisa kwiingxabano

I-E-cigarettes inokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye "ukunciphisa ingozi" kunye "nokunceda ukuyeka ukutshaya" zizizathu ezibalulekileyo zabaxhasi babo ukuba bakhuthaze ngamandla kwaye bamkelwe ngokubanzi ngabathengi.Nangona kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ipapashwe njani, ayinakuphikiswa ukuba umgaqo wayo wesenzo usekho ukuba i-nicotine ivuselela ingqondo ukuba ivelise i-dopamine eninzi ukuzisa ulonwabo - oku akufani ne-cigarettes yendabuko, kodwa kunciphisa ukuphefumla kwezinto ezinobungozi eziveliswa ukutsha.Idityaniswe namathandabuzo malunga nezongezo ezahlukeneyo kwi-oyile yecuba, i-e-cigarettes ihambe kunye neengxabano ezinkulu zonyango kunye nokuziphatha ukusukela oko yaziswa.

Nangona kunjalo, le ngxabano ayizange ikunqande ukusasazeka kwe-e-cigarettes kwihlabathi.Ulawulo oluphelelwe lixesha lukwabonelele ngokungekho ngqiqweni imeko yentengiso encomekayo yokuthandwa kwe-e-cigarettes.E-China, ingcamango yokulawula ixesha elide lokuhlela i-e-cigarettes njengemveliso ye-elektroniki yabathengi inike "ithuba lokuthumela izulu" lokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kweshishini lokuvelisa i-e-cigarette.Esi seso sizathu sokuba abachasi bajonge ishishini le-e-cigarette "njengeshishini elingwevu elinxibe ingubo yoshishino lombane".Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko zonke izangqa ziye zenza isivumelwano ngokuthe ngcembe malunga nokubonakaliswa kwe-e-cigarettes njengemveliso entsha yecuba, urhulumente uye wakhawuleza isantya sokuzisa i-e-cigarettes ekulawuleni ishishini lecuba.

NgoNovemba 2021, iBhunga likarhulumente likhuphe isigqibo malunga noLungiso lwemigaqo yokuphunyezwa komthetho wecuba monopoly weRiphabhlikhi yabantu baseTshayina, longeza iSiqendu 65: “Iimveliso ezintsha zecuba ezifana nomdiza we-elektroniki ziya kuphunyezwa ngokubhekisele kumalungiselelo afanelekileyo. yale Migaqo”.Ngomhla we-11 kuMatshi, i-2022, i-State Tobacco Monopoly Administration yaqulunqa kwaye yakhupha imilinganiselo yokulawulwa kwecuba ye-elektroniki, ecwangciselwe ukuphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni ngoMeyi 1. La manyathelo acetywayo ukuba "imveliso yecuba ye-elektroniki kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho yelizwe enyanzelekileyo ye-elektroniki. imidiza”.Ngomhla we-8 ku-Epreli, i-2022, i-State Administration of supervision market (iKomiti yoLungiso) ikhuphe i-GB 41700-2022 umgangatho onyanzelekileyo wesizwe wecuba ze-elektroniki, ezibandakanya ngokukodwa: okokuqala, ukucacisa imimiselo kunye neenkcazo ze-cigarettes ze-elektroniki, i-aerosols kunye neminye imimiselo ehambelana nayo;Okwesibini, ukubeka phambili iimfuno zomgaqo woyilo lwecuba lombane kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo;Okwesithathu, ukubeka phambili iimfuno ezicacileyo zobuchwephesha kwiseti ye-elektroniki yecuba, i-atomization kunye nokukhululwa ngokulandelelana, kunye nokubonelela ngeendlela zovavanyo ezixhasayo;Okwesine kukuchaza iimpawu nemiyalelo yemveliso ye-elektroniki yecuba.

Ukuqwalasela ubunzima obubonakalayo ekuphunyezweni kwesivumelwano esitsha kunye neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zabadlali beemarike ezifanelekileyo, amasebe afanelekileyo amisela ixesha lokutshintsha umgaqo-nkqubo (ophela ngoSeptemba 30, 2022).Ngexesha lenguqu, imveliso kunye nokusebenza kwamaqumrhu e-e-cigarettes angaqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi yemveliso kunye nokusebenza, kwaye kufuneka afake izicelo zeelayisenisi ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kobugcisa bemveliso ngokuhambelana neemfuno zomgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo, enze uyilo lokuthotyelwa kweemveliso, luzalise. ukuguqulwa kwemveliso, kunye nokusebenzisana namasebe olawulo ahambelanayo ukwenza uhlolo.Ngexesha elifanayo, zonke iintlobo zabatyalo-mali azivumelekanga ukuba zityalomali kwimveliso entsha ye-e-cigarette kunye nokusebenza kwamashishini okwexeshana;Imveliso kunye nokusebenza kwezinto ezikhoyo ze-e-cigarettes aziyi kwakha okanye zandise amandla okuvelisa okwexeshana, kwaye aziyi kuseka iindawo ezintsha zokuthengisa i-e-cigarette okwethutyana.

Emva kwexesha lenguqu, imveliso kunye nokusebenza kwamaqumrhu e-e-cigarettes kufuneka enze imisebenzi yokuvelisa kunye nokusebenza ngokuhambelana ngokungqongqo nomthetho we-cuba monopoly weRiphabhlikhi yabantu baseChina, imimiselo yokuphunyezwa komthetho we-cuba monopoly weRiphabhliki yabantu. yaseTshayina, amanyathelo olawulo lwe-e-cigarettes kunye nemigangatho yesizwe ye-e-cigarettes.

Kuluhlu olukhankanywe ngasentla lwamanyathelo olawulo, uninzi lwabantu bezoshishino ekwenziwe udliwano-ndlebe nabo bavakalise ukuqonda nenkxaso yabo, kwaye bathi bazimisele ukusebenzisana ngokukhutheleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuthotyelwa.Kwangaxeshanye, bakholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ishishini liya kuthi ndlela-ntle kuphuhliso olukwisantya esiphezulu kwaye liqalise umkhondo wokukhula okusemgangathweni kunye nokuzinza.Ukuba amashishini afuna ukwabelana ngekhekhe lemarike yexesha elizayo, kufuneka ahlale phantsi kwaye atyale imali kuphando kunye nophuhliso, umgangatho kunye nomsebenzi wophawu, ukusuka "ekwenzeni imali ngokukhawuleza" ukwenza umgangatho kunye nemali ye-brand.

Itekhnoloji yeBenwu yenye yeebhetshi zokuqala zamashishini e-e-cigarette ukufumana ilayisensi yamashishini okuvelisa icuba eChina.U-Lin Jiayong, umphathi jikelele wenkampani, uthe kudliwano-ndlebe kunye neshishini laseChina ukuba ukuqaliswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula kuthetha ukuba imarike yasekhaya enekhono elikhulu iya kuvulwa.Ngokwengxelo echaphazelekayo yokubonisana neendaba ze-AI, ngo-2020, abathengi baseMelika be-e-cigarette babalelwa kwelona nani likhulu labatshayayo, libalelwa kwi-13%.Ilandelwa yiBritane 4.2%, France 3.1%.E-China, inani li-0.6% kuphela."Siyaqhubeka nokuba nethemba malunga neshishini kunye nemarike yasekhaya."Lin Jiayong uthe.

Njengoyena mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi wezixhobo ze-atomization ye-elektroniki, i-Smallworld sele ibeke izinto zayo kulwandle olubanzi oluluhlaza lonyango lwezonyango, ubuhle njalo njalo.Kutshanje, inkampani ibhengeze ukuba ityikitye isivumelwano sentsebenziswano kunye noNjingalwazi Liu Jikai wesikolo sekhemesti yeYunivesithi yaseCentral South yezizwe ngezizwe ukuba baphande kwaye baphuhlise iimveliso zezempilo ezinkulu malunga neziyobisi ezizii-atomized, amayeza emveli aseTshayina, izithambiso kunye nokhathalelo lwesikhumba.Umntu ofanelekileyo ophethe i-SIMORE yamazwe ngamazwe uxelele intatheli yezemali yokuqala ukuba ukuze kugcinwe izibonelelo zobugcisa kwintsimi ye-atomization kunye nokuphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yetekhnoloji ye-atomization kwiinkalo zonyango kunye nempilo, inkampani iceba ukwandisa i-R & D. utyalo-mali ukuya kwi-1.68 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2022, ngaphezu kwesambuku seminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo.

U-Chen Ping uphinde waxelela imali yokuqala ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha olawulayo ulungile kumashishini anamandla okwenza umsebenzi omhle kwiimveliso, ahloniphe amalungelo epropathi yengqondo kunye neenzuzo ze-brand.Emva kokuphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni komgangatho wesizwe, i-taste of e-cigarettes iya kunqunyulwa kwi-flavour yecuba, enokuthi iholele ekunciphiseni kwexesha elifutshane lokuthengisa, kodwa iya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe kwixesha elizayo."Ndizele izinto ezilindelweyo kwimarike yasekhaya kwaye ndikulungele ukonyusa utyalo-mali kwi-R & D kunye nezixhobo."